Are Complementary Medicines Safe for Children?

Complementary medicines (CAM) can be dangerous for children and can even prove fatal if substituted for conventional medicine, according to research published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood.

But parents often misguidedly think CAM treatments are better for their children because they are "natural" and therefore less likely to have harmful side effects, said the authors.

In the study, Alissa Lim, MD, of Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, and colleagues analyzed monthly reports of adverse events associated with CAM to the Australian Pediatric Surveillance Unit between 2001 and 2003.

During this time period, 46 instances of adverse events associated with complementary medicine treatment—including four deaths—were reported. However, but only 40 questionnaires were completed, and one was a duplicate, leaving 39 cases.

Reports highlighted several areas of concern, including: the substitution of conventional medicine with CAM therapies; changes to medication regimens made by CAM practitioners; and dietary restriction in the belief that this would cure symptoms.

In over three quarters of cases (77%) the adverse events were considered to be probably or definitely related to CAM, and in almost half of cases (44%), pediatricians said the child had been harmed by a failure to use conventional treatment in favor of CAM therapies.

The reports included children of all ages from birth up to the age of 16, and ranged in severity. Almost two thirds of the reported cases (64%) were rated as severe, life threatening, or fatal. The adverse events reported ranged from constipation, bleeding and pain to allergic reactions, mouth ulcers, seizures, vomiting, stunted growth, infections, malnutrition and death.

All four reported deaths were related to the substitution of conventional treatment with CAM. These included the case of an 8-month-old child admitted to hospital with malnutrition and septic shock following naturopathic treatment with a rice milk diet from the age of three months for the treatment of constipation.

One of the other deaths involved a 10-month-old child who developed septic shock after being treated with homeopathy and a restricted diet for chronic eczema.

Two of the adverse events were associated with overdoses of medicinal CAM, which the authors say parents often do not consider in the belief that the products are natural and harmless.

Parents sought to treat anything from constipation to clotting disorders, and diabetes to cerebral palsy.

"Discussions with families about CAM use may empower them to talk about any medication changes suggested by a CAM practitioner before altering or ceasing the medication," the authors wrote. “However, many of the adverse events associated with failure to use convention medicine resulted from the family's belief in CAM and determination to use it despite medical advice," they add.

For more:

• Complementary Medicines Can Be Dangerous for Children, Experts Say (Science Daily)
• Survey of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use at a Tertiary Children's Hospital (Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health)
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine for the Allergist-immunologist: Where Do I Start? (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)