Pulmonology

A one-of-its-kind assessment of 8 decades' worth of UK data show a lower respiratory tract infection by age 2 increases risk of premature adult death by 93%.

Results from the phase 3 A DUE study suggest a combination of macitentan and tadalafil nearly doubled reductions in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with PAH.

Data from the phase 3 STELLAR trial indicate adding sotatercept to background therapy in PAH was associated with statistically significant improvements in 6-minute walk distance and 8 of the trial's 9 secondary endpoints, including time to death or clinical worsening.

Approximately 42% of prodrome-associated DEGs were also associated with hereditary angioedema attacks, indicating that multiple enriched gene networks with common hub genes and upstream regulators are shared between the prodromal and acute attack stages.

In a presentation at the AAAAI 2023 Annual Meeting, new data suggested that treating early symptoms may be a viable strategy for preventing acute attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE).

"We are looking at trying to satisfy a truly unmet medical need," Dr. David Dworaczyk says about the development of a new epinephrine nasal spray for anaphylaxis.

Bryn Pharma CEO shares promising data on a novel intranasal epinephrine spray called Utuly during the AAAAI 2023 Annual Meeting.

A study from the AAAAI 2023 Annual Meeting reveals racial and ethnic disparities in the management of severe asthma and highlights the need for interventions to improve care escalation for Black and Hispanic/Latino patients.

Investigators call for further research focusing on refining candidate selection for screening, improving the accuracy of LDCT scan reading, and integrating clinical risk models, imaging techniques, and biomarker research to enhance the probability evaluation of pulmonary nodule malignancy.

A cohort study of 1.9 million infants links exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to an increased risk of emergency department visits during the first year of life, with preterm and full-term infants being most susceptible during their fourth and fifth months.

Influenza vaccination is especially crucial among children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions that put them at high risk for severe outcomes.

According to the systmatic review, motavizumab, nirsevimab, and palivizumab, are associated with significant reductions in RSV-related infections and hospitalizations without a significant increase in adverse events.

A research letter addresses the challenges of accurately diagnosing asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic rhinitis in children under 5 years old and the use of Read codes and prescription data as diagnostic criteria.

The new analysis on the screening tool in primary care patients with COPD highlights the need for further research to optimize CAPTURE's performance and impact on clinical outcomes.

Frailty is a serious issue in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, a recent study suggests that the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS), may not be effective in identifying frailty in hospitalized COPD patients compared to the bedside Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).

David Tom Cooke, MD, reviewed the importance of shared decision making as it relates to risk and benefit of cancer screening, as well as in more refined invasive care options.

The analysis uses patient data from SPIROMICS, followed by an external validation with the results from COPDGene.

Findings demonstrated a significant association between having an asthma management plan and use of inhaled or oral medicine, independent of country income and asthma severity.

More than 98,000 medical device reports have been sent to the FDA since April 2021 regarding Philips Respironics Ventilators, BiPAP, and CPAP machines associated with the PE-PUR foam breakdown.

Cooke joins the first episode of 2023 to discuss his colleague’s specific role in lung cancer screening and intervention and advances to minimally invasive, robotic and bronchoscopic techniques.

The positivity rate of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses decreased briefly following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but by fall of 2020 resumed almost to pre-pandemic levels.

It wasn't the unavailability of varenicline, but the inaccessibility, that perpetuated the reduced prevalence of prescriptions. Investigators speculated that patient, clinician awareness and concerns related to nitrosamine were contributing factors.

The biologic from Amgen and AstraZeneca was approved for self-administration in a pre-filled, single-use pen for patients aged 12 years and older with severe asthma.

The specific mechanisms involved in associations between air pollution and respiratory illness without viral infection are not understood, especially compared with those of respiratory viruses and asthma exacerbation.

Although no incidence trends were observed in a German cohort, the data indicate patients with ILD-RA have received more biological/targeted synthetic DMARDs in recent years.

DMARDs are the most commonly used treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis but have been linked with pneumonia and other pulmonary infections.

“Repurposing approved drugs developed for other conditions presents an attractive strategy to identify new treatment options and expand access to potentially lifesaving care,” investigators wrote.

The study evaluated how intranasal mometasone furoate affected sleep-disordered breathing symptoms and patient quality of life by comparing its efficacy to intranasal saline in the pediatric patients.

Clinician awareness is imperative with this comorbidity because overestimated asthma severity often results in over-treatment, according to investigators.

The relationship between C-section and childhood asthma has been investigated before, however, previous results have yielded conflicting evidence.