Pulmonology

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is not associated with greater rates of smoking cessation or reduced cigarette consumption after 1 year.

Men with HIV have more noncalcified plaque in their arteries than their uninfected counterparts, according to a study published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Smoking tobacco doubles a patient's risk of developing recurrent tuberculosis (TB), according to a study published in the April issue of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.

Rare yet fatal lung infection-causing bacteria come from the same family as tuberculosis, but are not contagious.

Quitting smoking is associated with improved mood and reduced depression, anxiety, and stress.

Inconsistencies between ClinicalTrials.gov and medical journals' reporting are raising questions about the editing and disseminating process.

As evidenced in brain scans after abstaining from smoking for 24 hours, smokers were likely to show weakened interconnectivity between brain networks, according to a study published in JAMA Psychiatry.

Researchers have identified cannabinoid receptors in the region of the brain that regulates anxiety and the flight-or-fight response.

After concluding a Doribax (dorpenem) study early, the FDA announced the drug will undergo label changes to reflect increased risk of death for ventilator-associated pneumonia patients.

The annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology was held from Feb. 28 to March 4 in San Diego and attracted more than 5,000 participants from around the world, including clinicians, academicians, allied health professionals, and others interested in allergic and immunologic disease. The conference highlighted recent advances in allergy, asthma, and immunology.

When encouraging and supporting patients to quit smoking, varenicline is unlikely to increase the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events such as suicide, depression, and aggression, even in patients with pre-existing psychiatric illness.

Results of a long-term study indicate that when both parents smoke, children's absorption of secondhand smoke leads to increased artery wall thickness.

Pneumonia developed more frequently in people with sleep apnea than in those without, according to research from the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan.

Do asthma and COPD share enough characteristics such as reduced rate of airflow resulting from increased inflammation, along with similar responses to some forms of treatment, reduce the importance of differential diagnosis?

Research into the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis has shed new light on the association between asthma and CRS while also providing new insight into CRS disease endotypes, enabling clinicians to individualize treatment regimens.

Researchers at Yale University have pinpointed the cells and cellular processes that trigger life-threatening pulmonary hypertension, which have been little understood until now.

A pilot program that uses text message medication reminders has led to reduced asthma exacerbations and fewer hospitalizations among participating inner-city adolescents.

Although the mechanisms of disease severity for this form of asthma are not fully understood, progress has been made in identifying promising targets for new treatments.

One patient-centered medical home pilot was associated with improvement in only one of 11 quality areas and was not associated with reductions in hospital utilization or costs of care over 3 years.

Researchers concluded the asthma drug omalizumab can be used to successfully desensitize patients with multiple food allergies

Though most studies on the preoperative use of intra-aortic balloon pumps in coronary artery bypass grafting patients have reported early results, they have not been able to determine long-term outcomes.

Since obesity increases inflammation and changes metabolism, it has been strongly linked to many lifelong medical conditions.

In a real-world sample of patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF), hyponatremia predicted clinical complications during admission, but it was not linked to short-term mortality or readmission.

With a focus on how obesity affects the lungs, a team of researchers examines insulin's direct impact on lung cells in the context of airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness.

Because e-cigarettes are marketed as a "safer alternative to tobacco smoking," concerns have surfaced regarding the potential for long-term health consequences that stem from inhaling vapor containing nicotine, propylene glycol, and by-products, as well as exposing bystanders to the substance second-hand.

With a focus on visceral functions, researchers from Italy retrospectively evaluated aortic arch surgery using selective antegrade cerebral perfusion at different temperatures.

A 2,000 mg dose of high-quality American ginseng is effective as a treatment for cancer-related fatigue, though it may be better at preventing the condition.

Among patients with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication, a daily dose of 10 mg ramipril can improve pain-free treadmill walking times, which are associated with a significant increase in physical functioning.

As any pulmonary disease can mimic sarcoidosis, its diagnosis must be supported by all clinical methods involving follow-up radiographs and biopsy.

A new study estimates the costs of treating atrial fibrillation as well as the comparative costs of treating it with warfarin and newer oral anticoagulants.