Endocrinology

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently the leading cause of blindness in working-age populations and among the most serious complications of chronic diabetes.

Men who began smoking before age 11 are more likely to have sons with higher BMIs than sons of men who never smoke, according to research in the European Journal of Human Genetics.

A study published in BMJ explains the long-term risks of opioid treatment in the postoperative setting.

Although the US Food and Drug Administration revised its approval processes for antihyperglycemic agents to include cardiovascular safety components, researchers still cannot discern whether those drugs affect cardiovascular outcomes.

Despite the increasingly widespread use of testosterone therapies, there remains some speculation concerning their long-term effects on overall health.

Obesity rates – and associated patient suffering and societal costs – are climbing, despite the fact that biomedical and public health experts better understand the causes and have more tools to combat it.

Although the first clinical case associating acromegaly with schizophrenia was reported more than 60 years ago, researchers continue to ponder the association between the 2 disorders.

Up to 50% of patients who undergo bypass and heart valve surgeries develop postoperative atrial fibrillation, the result of which involves more postoperative complications, including stroke, longer hospital stays, and an increase in treatment costs.

ADHD in childhood is associated with an increased likelihood of obesity and physical inactivity during adolescence, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

A new retrospective study suggests that patients with autoimmune disorders should be monitored for epilepsy, and vice versa.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased steadily since the mid-1970s. However, the number of male reproductive evaluative procedures has fallen, which suggests that many couples bypass the exam and go directly to ART.

New research shows an oat-enriched diet plays a positive role in decreasing the inflammatory status involved in cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Medication adherence can be improved with increased patient knowledge, according to a study published in Diabetes Care.

For women with diabetes, family planning is both a personal decision and a medical necessity, as unintended pregnancy can threaten a diabetic woman's health.

To produce the greatest impact from the implementation of the new American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), physicians should counsel patients on the benefits and risks of medication intervention to prevent CVD, but also explain the absolute necessity of regular exercise and abstention from tobacco use.

Treatment with methylprednisolone was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in high-risk patients 30 days after bypass surgery.

Trial data presented at ACC.14 showed bariatric surgery was associated with much better long-term glycemic control in obese patients with diabetes compared with standard intensive medical therapy alone.

Trial results presented at ACC.14 demonstrated that treatment with metformin immediately after PCI in non-diabetic patients presenting with acute STEMI does not lead to improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction or other measure of cardiac function.

Darapladib, a novel agent targeting an enzyme known to be associated with increased instability of atherosclerotic plaque, failed to show real-world benefit in a large global trial examining mortality and coronary outcomes.

Approximately 50% of the population has at least one thyroid nodule by age 60, although only 5% of those nodules are malignant.

The reduction of the production of insulin has been attributed to kisspeptin 1, which has been noted as a key in the development of diabetes.

As more patients work in sedentary occupations, the health of the general population has declined. Some studies have revealed that sedentary workers rarely compensate for their inactivity by increasing their exercise levels and/or reducing their sedentary behavior during leisure time.

Although wound dehiscence is believed to occur in only 0.2-6% of abdominal laparotomies, its associated mortality rate is high.

The AleCardio trial was halted early due to safety concerns and lack of efficacy. Investigators reported patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndrome experienced elevated risk of heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and renal dysfunction with no mitigating cardiovascular benefit.

Study results presented at ACC.14 show treatment with PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab significantly reduces LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Weight gain in pregnancy is a frequent concern for expectant mothers. Though the exact amount they should gain depends on their pre-pregnancy weight, most American women gain more weight than the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends.

Critics allege several major errors in the results of a study that found testosterone therapy is associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction and stroke.

Hyponatremia is associated with poorer overall survival, time to treatment failure, and disease control in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer, according to a study published in European Urology.

As they age, children who are diagnosed with diabetes shift from care supervised by parents or caregivers to self-care. Ultimately, they must leave their pediatric care providers and find internists and other caregivers whose practices target adults.

As bioimpedance spectroscopy effectively estimates body fluid status, it could replace physical examinations for hyponatremia patients.